مجلة الطحان العدد: ٦ فبراير2019

ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻑ MILLER / ﺍﻟﻁﺣﺎﻥ - ۲۰۱۹ ﻓﺑﺭﺍﻳﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺰﺍﺭﻋﻴـﻦ ﻓﺤﺴـﺐ، ﺑـﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴـﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒـﺮﺍء. ﻳﺠـﺐ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻤـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ • ﻭﺍﻟﻤــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴــﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜــﻦ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺤﺴــﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴــﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔـﺎءﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋـﺔ. ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ ﺻﻌﺒـﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬـﺎ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎً ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻴﻼً. ﻳﻨﺒﻐـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء، ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ، ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ، • ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﻣﻌـﺎً ﻛﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ، ﻷﻥ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﻋﺒـﺎﺭﺓ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺸـﺎﻛﻞ ﻛﺒﻴـﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻘـﺪﺓ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻟﻘﻄـﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﻠﻬـﺎ ﻟﻮﺣـﺪﻩ. ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ Bonan, G. B., 2001: Observational evidence for reduction of daily maximum temperature by crop- lands in the Midwest United States. J. Climate, 14, 2430–2442.Easterling, D. R., 2002: Recent changes in frost days and the frostfree season in the United .States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1327–332 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Stocker, T. F. vd. 2013: Climate Change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the .(intergovernmental panel on climate change (2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Allen, M. vd. 2018. Global Warming of .1.5oC Irmak, S., I. Kabenge, K. Skaggs ve D. Mutiibwa. 2012. Trend and magnitude of changes in climate variables and reference evapotranspiration over 116-year period in the Platte River Basin, central Nebraska-USA. Journal of Hydrology 420-421: 228-244.Irmak, S. 2013. Long-term (1893-2012) changes in air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit (atmospheric evaporative de- mand) in central Nebraska. UNL Extension Circular .EC716 Irmak, S. 2018. İklim değişkenleri ve bunların tarım, su kaynakları ve ilgili politikalar üzerindeki etkisine dair yayınlanmamış araştırma verileri. 2. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda ve Beslenme Politikaları Konferansı’nda sunulmuştur. 6-7 Kasım 2018. Swiss Hotel, Ankara, Türkiye Ferris, R., R. H. Ellis, T. R.Wheeler ve P. Hadley, 1998: Effect of high temperature stress at anthesis on grain yield and biomass of field grown crops of wheat. Plant Cell .Environ., 34, 67–78 Hu, Q., A. Weiss, S. Feng ve P. S. Baenzinger, 2005: Earlier winter wheat heading dates and warmer spring in the U.S. Great Plains. Agric. For. .Meteor., 135, 284–290 Hu, Q. ve G. Buyanovsky, 2003: Climate effects on corn yield in Missouri. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, .1626–1635 Karl, T. R., G. Kukla ve J. Gavin, 1984: Decreasing diurnal temperature range in the United States and Canada from 1941 through 1980. J. ClimateAppl. .Meteor., 23, 1489–1504 Kunkel, K., D. R. Easterling, K. Hubbard ve K. Redmond, 2004: Temporal variations in frost- free season in the United States: 1895–2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03201, doi:10.1029/ .2003GL018624 Matsui, T., K. Omasa ve T. Horie, 2001: The dif- ference in sterility due to high temperatures during the flowering period among Japonica–rice varieties. .Plant Prod. Sci., 4, 90–93 Skaggs, K.E., ve S. Irmak. 2012. Long-term trends in air temperature distribution and extremes, growing degree days, and spring and fall frosts for climate impact assessments on agricultural practices in Nebraska, USA. J. Applied Meteorology and Cli- matology 51:2060–2073. doi:dx.doi.org/10.1175/ .JAMC-D-11-0146.1 Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning,M. Marquis, K. Averyt,M.M. B. Tignor, H. L. Miller Jr. Ve Z. Chen, Eds., 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical .Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, 996 pp ٤۱